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refactor(stringlabels): Support stringlabels in chunkenc #17263

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What this PR does / why we need it:
This is a next step of support Prometheus stringlabels implementation in Loki. It adds support in the chunkenc package.

Special notes for your reviewer:
The tests should compile with build tag stringlabels.

Checklist

  • Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
  • Documentation added
  • Tests updated
  • Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
    • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
  • Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
  • If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

@jeschkies jeschkies mentioned this pull request Apr 16, 2025
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jeschkies commented Apr 16, 2025 •
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TODO:

  • Check BackwardIterator speed with benchmark

@jeschkies jeschkies marked this pull request as ready for review April 22, 2025 14:25
@jeschkies jeschkies requested a review from a team as a code owner April 22, 2025 14:25
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Benchmark results

> go test -bench='^Benchmark[^ER].+$' -run="^$" -count=10 -timeout=40m ./pkg/chunkenc
› benchstat before.log after.log
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/grafana/loki/v3/pkg/chunkenc
cpu: AMD Ryzen 7 3700X 8-Core Processor             
                                                                                                                                                               │  before.log  │              after.log              │
                                                                                                                                                               │    sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base                │
_fnv64a-16                                                                                                                                                       267.6µ ±  1%   264.3µ ± 6%   -1.23% (p=0.029 n=10)
_fnv64a_third_party-16                                                                                                                                           264.4µ ±  5%   258.1µ ± 7%        ~ (p=0.075 n=10)
_xxhash-16                                                                                                                                                       27.56µ ±  5%   27.79µ ± 7%        ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
Write/ordered-none-16                                                                                                                                            652.1µ ±  2%   631.5µ ± 2%   -3.16% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                     1.542m ±  1%   1.531m ± 2%        ~ (p=0.315 n=10)
Write/ordered-gzip-16                                                                                                                                            56.31m ±  2%   56.06m ± 2%        ~ (p=0.739 n=10)
Write/ordered-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                     70.60m ±  3%   70.27m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-64k-16                                                                                                                                         14.16m ±  1%   13.79m ± 2%   -2.63% (p=0.004 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                  24.00m ±  1%   23.40m ± 0%   -2.51% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-256k-16                                                                                                                                        15.38m ±  1%   14.93m ± 1%   -2.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                 25.82m ±  2%   24.81m ± 1%   -3.93% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-1M-16                                                                                                                                          15.03m ±  1%   14.75m ± 0%   -1.83% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                   25.39m ±  1%   24.71m ± 1%   -2.68% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-16                                                                                                                                             15.07m ±  0%   14.73m ± 1%   -2.23% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                      25.48m ±  1%   24.73m ± 1%   -2.95% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-snappy-16                                                                                                                                          7.900m ±  0%   7.481m ± 1%   -5.30% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                   15.23m ±  1%   14.52m ± 2%   -4.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-flate-16                                                                                                                                           55.65m ±  1%   54.40m ± 0%   -2.25% (p=0.001 n=10)
Write/ordered-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                    70.22m ±  0%   68.51m ± 1%   -2.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-zstd-16                                                                                                                                            37.65m ±  4%   42.00m ± 9%  +11.55% (p=0.011 n=10)
Write/ordered-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                     56.86m ±  4%   58.65m ± 3%   +3.16% (p=0.035 n=10)
Write/unordered-none-16                                                                                                                                          2.038m ±  1%   1.938m ± 1%   -4.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                   3.127m ±  1%   2.989m ± 1%   -4.41% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-gzip-16                                                                                                                                          78.46m ±  1%   77.29m ± 1%   -1.49% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                   94.34m ±  1%   92.58m ± 1%   -1.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-64k-16                                                                                                                                       29.19m ±  2%   28.35m ± 1%   -2.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                39.74m ±  2%   39.14m ± 4%        ~ (p=0.089 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-256k-16                                                                                                                                      30.92m ±  1%   30.13m ± 2%   -2.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                               42.22m ±  1%   41.42m ± 2%   -1.89% (p=0.015 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-1M-16                                                                                                                                        30.55m ±  2%   29.99m ± 2%   -1.83% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                 41.66m ±  1%   41.26m ± 1%   -0.96% (p=0.007 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-16                                                                                                                                           29.62m ±  2%   29.05m ± 1%   -1.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                    41.33m ±  2%   40.49m ± 1%   -2.04% (p=0.007 n=10)
Write/unordered-snappy-16                                                                                                                                        19.05m ±  2%   17.96m ± 1%   -5.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                 26.96m ±  1%   26.09m ± 1%   -3.24% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-flate-16                                                                                                                                         78.51m ±  1%   76.01m ± 2%   -3.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                  93.74m ±  1%   91.59m ± 1%   -2.29% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-zstd-16                                                                                                                                          68.84m ±  6%   66.77m ± 5%   -3.01% (p=0.005 n=10)
Write/unordered-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                                                   87.88m ±  4%   86.56m ± 2%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-none-16                                                                                                                 2.108m ±  7%   2.054m ± 2%   -2.55% (p=0.029 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                          3.085m ±  2%   3.106m ± 2%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-gzip-16                                                                                                                 78.53m ±  1%   78.65m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.481 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                          95.07m ±  1%   93.68m ± 1%   -1.47% (p=0.009 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-64k-16                                                                                                              28.90m ±  2%   28.71m ± 2%        ~ (p=0.393 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                       39.44m ±  1%   39.52m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-256k-16                                                                                                             30.81m ±  1%   30.15m ± 1%   -2.14% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                      41.29m ±  2%   41.37m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.684 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-1M-16                                                                                                               30.41m ±  5%   30.07m ± 1%   -1.12% (p=0.029 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                        41.86m ±  3%   41.48m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.165 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-16                                                                                                                  30.41m ±  6%   29.70m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.089 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                           40.10m ±  2%   40.63m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.315 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-snappy-16                                                                                                               18.60m ±  1%   18.49m ± 2%        ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                        26.30m ±  2%   26.40m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.529 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-flate-16                                                                                                                76.93m ±  1%   76.90m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                         92.37m ±  0%   92.38m ± 1%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-zstd-16                                                                                                                 74.64m ± 14%   71.09m ± 4%   -4.76% (p=0.029 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                                                                          88.85m ±  2%   91.52m ± 4%        ~ (p=0.052 n=10)
BackwardIterator/66_kB-16                                                                                                                                        18.97m ±  1%   19.03m ± 0%        ~ (p=0.481 n=10)
BackwardIterator/262_kB-16                                                                                                                                       16.46m ±  1%   16.64m ± 1%   +1.09% (p=0.043 n=10)
BackwardIterator/524_kB-16                                                                                                                                       13.38m ±  4%   13.53m ± 1%   +1.15% (p=0.004 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=100000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                        24.04m ±  2%   20.52m ± 1%  -14.65% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=100000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                         24.06m ± 11%   20.59m ± 1%  -14.43% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=50000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                         10.39m ± 29%   10.24m ± 6%        ~ (p=0.853 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=50000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                          10.59m ±  2%   10.00m ± 2%   -5.58% (p=0.001 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=15000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                         2.333m ±  4%   2.244m ± 2%   -3.81% (p=0.019 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=15000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                          2.306m ±  2%   2.246m ± 1%   -2.61% (p=0.005 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=10000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                         1.719m ±  4%   1.667m ± 3%   -3.02% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockIterator/size=10000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                          1.729m ±  6%   1.659m ± 2%   -4.02% (p=0.029 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=20000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                   1.507m ±  0%   1.478m ± 1%   -1.90% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=20000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                    1.504m ±  1%   1.488m ± 0%   -1.08% (p=0.002 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=10000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                   627.8µ ±  5%   646.1µ ± 6%        ~ (p=0.247 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=10000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                    648.4µ ±  1%   657.0µ ± 1%   +1.32% (p=0.035 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=8000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                    512.7µ ±  5%   523.7µ ± 1%   +2.15% (p=0.002 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=8000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                     520.8µ ±  3%   527.8µ ± 1%   +1.34% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=5000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                                                    324.8µ ±  0%   331.8µ ± 1%   +2.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator/size=5000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                                                     322.9µ ±  6%   331.7µ ± 2%   +2.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=20000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                            3.363m ±  1%   3.304m ± 1%   -1.77% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=20000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                             3.362m ±  1%   3.285m ± 2%   -2.28% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=10000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                            1.596m ±  1%   1.604m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=10000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                             1.599m ±  1%   1.615m ± 1%   +1.00% (p=0.005 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=8000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                             1.369m ±  1%   1.377m ± 1%   +0.63% (p=0.015 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=8000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                              1.372m ±  2%   1.382m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.052 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=5000_structuredMetadata=false-16                                                                             792.3µ ±  1%   779.3µ ± 1%   -1.64% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockSampleIterator_WithMultipleExtractors/size=5000_structuredMetadata=true-16                                                                              798.7µ ±  1%   765.0µ ± 1%   -4.22% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                                                    32.10n ±  4%   34.16n ± 3%   +6.40% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                                           32.11n ±  3%   32.95n ± 4%   +2.60% (p=0.003 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                                                 45.07n ±  6%   45.76n ± 5%        ~ (p=0.315 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                                                38.73n ±  5%   40.36n ± 5%   +4.22% (p=0.009 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                                           37.94n ±  4%   40.12n ± 4%   +5.77% (p=0.003 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                                          34.86n ±  2%   32.17n ± 6%   -7.72% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                                                      32.70n ±  6%   32.27n ± 2%        ~ (p=0.075 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                                            34.68n ±  7%   32.13n ± 5%   -7.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                    35.81n ±  1%   34.49n ± 3%   -3.69% (p=0.001 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                     35.73n ±  4%   33.97n ± 3%   -4.93% (p=0.002 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                                                  37.05n ±  2%   34.29n ± 3%   -7.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16                              35.44n ±  4%   33.76n ± 3%   -4.74% (p=0.002 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                                                  32.59n ±  2%   34.10n ± 6%   +4.62% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                                         31.92n ±  5%   34.47n ± 4%   +8.01% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                                               42.70n ±  5%   46.34n ± 5%   +8.54% (p=0.001 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                                              38.32n ±  3%   39.52n ± 3%   +3.12% (p=0.019 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                                         38.17n ±  8%   40.07n ± 2%   +4.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                                        34.78n ±  2%   33.08n ± 4%   -4.89% (p=0.002 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                                                    34.33n ±  5%   32.48n ± 1%   -5.39% (p=0.007 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                                          34.80n ±  3%   33.25n ± 2%   -4.47% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                  36.26n ±  4%   33.91n ± 4%   -6.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                   36.05n ±  2%   33.36n ± 2%   -7.48% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                                                36.55n ±  5%   34.00n ± 3%   -6.95% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16                            36.43n ±  7%   34.39n ± 8%        ~ (p=0.143 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                         31.04n ±  5%   34.24n ± 6%  +10.29% (p=0.001 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                32.32n ±  2%   34.43n ± 2%   +6.50% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                      45.35n ±  3%   47.38n ± 4%   +4.49% (p=0.023 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                     37.31n ±  4%   41.63n ± 5%  +11.58% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                38.45n ±  9%   40.67n ± 5%   +5.79% (p=0.015 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                               35.24n ±  3%   32.14n ± 6%   -8.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                           35.24n ±  3%   32.50n ± 5%   -7.77% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                 45.31n ± 20%   32.62n ± 2%  -28.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                         38.25n ±  9%   34.28n ± 3%  -10.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                          36.30n ±  4%   34.30n ± 1%   -5.50% (p=0.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                       35.40n ±  6%   34.57n ± 4%   -2.36% (p=0.043 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16   37.70n ±  4%   34.85n ± 5%   -7.56% (p=0.000 n=10)
HeadBlockWrites/ordered_headblock_ordered_writes-16                                                                                                              213.5µ ±  4%   220.6µ ± 5%        ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
HeadBlockWrites/ordered_headblock_ordered_writes_with_structured_metadata-16                                                                                     214.2µ ±  5%   226.6µ ± 3%   +5.78% (p=0.024 n=10)
HeadBlockWrites/unordered_headblock_ordered_writes-16                                                                                                            929.9µ ±  1%   915.2µ ± 2%        ~ (p=0.063 n=10)
HeadBlockWrites/unordered_headblock_ordered_writes_with_structured_metadata-16                                                                                   926.8µ ±  1%   921.9µ ± 2%        ~ (p=0.393 n=10)
HeadBlockWrites/unordered_headblock_unordered_writes-16                                                                                                          1.904m ±  1%   1.909m ± 1%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
HeadBlockWrites/unordered_headblock_unordered_writes_with_structured_metadata-16                                                                                 1.904m ±  1%   1.913m ± 0%        ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
UnorderedRead/itr/ordered+legacy_hblock-16                                                                                                                       13.00m ±  1%   14.04m ± 1%   +8.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
UnorderedRead/itr/ordered+unordered_hblock-16                                                                                                                    13.08m ±  3%   14.07m ± 1%   +7.57% (p=0.000 n=10)
UnorderedRead/itr/unordered+unordered_hblock-16                                                                                                                  13.89m ±  1%   14.53m ± 1%   +4.57% (p=0.000 n=10)
UnorderedRead/smpl/ordered+legacy_hblock-16                                                                                                                      8.471m ±  1%   8.872m ± 2%   +4.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
UnorderedRead/smpl/ordered+unordered_hblock-16                                                                                                                   8.535m ±  3%   8.875m ± 7%        ~ (p=0.165 n=10)
UnorderedRead/smpl/unordered+unordered_hblock-16                                                                                                                 12.23m ±  3%   11.30m ± 4%   -7.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                                                                                                                          296.0µ         291.9µ        -1.37%

                                                                            │  before.log   │               after.log               │
                                                                            │      B/s      │      B/s       vs base                │
Write/ordered-none-16                                                         2.152Gi ±  2%   2.222Gi ±  2%   +3.26% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                  930.5Mi ±  1%   936.0Mi ±  2%        ~ (p=0.436 n=10)
Write/ordered-gzip-16                                                         386.6Mi ±  2%   388.3Mi ±  2%        ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
Write/ordered-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                  308.3Mi ±  3%   309.7Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-64k-16                                                      1.034Gi ±  1%   1.062Gi ±  2%   +2.70% (p=0.004 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                               625.0Mi ±  1%   641.0Mi ±  0%   +2.57% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-256k-16                                                     1.009Gi ±  1%   1.039Gi ±  1%   +3.02% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                              615.3Mi ±  2%   640.4Mi ±  1%   +4.08% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-1M-16                                                       1.054Gi ±  1%   1.073Gi ±  0%   +1.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                                639.1Mi ±  1%   656.0Mi ±  1%   +2.65% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-16                                                          1.051Gi ±  0%   1.075Gi ±  1%   +2.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                   636.4Mi ±  1%   655.7Mi ±  1%   +3.03% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-snappy-16                                                       1.390Gi ±  0%   1.467Gi ±  1%   +5.59% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                                737.9Mi ±  1%   774.0Mi ±  1%   +4.90% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-flate-16                                                        392.6Mi ±  1%   401.4Mi ±  0%   +2.25% (p=0.001 n=10)
Write/ordered-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 311.2Mi ±  0%   318.6Mi ±  1%   +2.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-zstd-16                                                         631.2Mi ±  4%   565.8Mi ± 10%  -10.36% (p=0.011 n=10)
Write/ordered-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                  418.0Mi ±  3%   405.1Mi ±  3%   -3.07% (p=0.035 n=10)
Write/unordered-none-16                                                       702.9Mi ±  1%   739.3Mi ±  1%   +5.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                458.1Mi ±  1%   479.2Mi ±  1%   +4.61% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-gzip-16                                                       277.4Mi ±  1%   281.6Mi ±  1%   +1.51% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                230.7Mi ±  1%   235.1Mi ±  1%   +1.90% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-64k-16                                                    513.8Mi ±  2%   529.1Mi ±  1%   +2.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                             377.4Mi ±  2%   383.2Mi ±  3%        ~ (p=0.089 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-256k-16                                                   513.9Mi ±  1%   527.3Mi ±  2%   +2.60% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                            376.3Mi ±  1%   383.5Mi ±  2%   +1.92% (p=0.007 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-1M-16                                                     531.0Mi ±  1%   541.0Mi ±  2%   +1.88% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                              389.5Mi ±  1%   393.4Mi ±  1%   +1.00% (p=0.015 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-16                                                        548.0Mi ±  2%   558.6Mi ±  1%   +1.95% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 392.6Mi ±  2%   400.4Mi ±  1%   +1.98% (p=0.005 n=10)
Write/unordered-snappy-16                                                     589.9Mi ±  2%   625.7Mi ±  1%   +6.08% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                              416.9Mi ±  1%   430.9Mi ±  1%   +3.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-flate-16                                                      278.5Mi ±  1%   287.2Mi ±  2%   +3.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                               232.7Mi ±  1%   238.3Mi ±  1%   +2.41% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-zstd-16                                                       345.2Mi ±  5%   355.9Mi ±  5%   +3.10% (p=0.005 n=10)
Write/unordered-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                270.4Mi ±  4%   274.5Mi ±  2%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-none-16                              675.0Mi ±  6%   692.7Mi ±  2%   +2.62% (p=0.029 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-none-withStructuredMetadata-16       461.3Mi ±  2%   458.1Mi ±  2%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-gzip-16                              273.9Mi ±  1%   273.4Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.481 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16       226.2Mi ±  1%   229.6Mi ±  1%   +1.49% (p=0.009 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-64k-16                           509.2Mi ±  2%   512.5Mi ±  2%        ~ (p=0.393 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16    372.4Mi ±  1%   372.4Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.853 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-256k-16                          503.3Mi ±  2%   514.3Mi ±  1%   +2.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16   375.5Mi ±  2%   374.8Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.684 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-1M-16                            518.4Mi ±  5%   524.2Mi ±  1%   +1.13% (p=0.029 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16     376.5Mi ±  3%   380.0Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.165 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-16                               518.4Mi ±  6%   530.5Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.089 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16        393.0Mi ±  2%   387.9Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.353 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-snappy-16                            591.3Mi ±  1%   594.8Mi ±  2%        ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16     418.3Mi ±  2%   416.6Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.494 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-flate-16                             279.6Mi ±  1%   279.7Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16      232.8Mi ±  0%   232.8Mi ±  1%        ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-zstd-16                              312.5Mi ± 12%   328.0Mi ±  4%   +4.94% (p=0.029 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16       262.4Mi ±  2%   254.8Mi ±  4%   -2.92% (p=0.043 n=10)
geomean                                                                       473.8Mi         481.5Mi         +1.61%

                                                                            │ before.log  │              after.log               │
                                                                            │ %compressed │ %compressed  vs base                 │
Write/ordered-none-16                                                          101.9 ± 0%    101.9 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/ordered-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                   102.0 ± 0%    102.1 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-gzip-16                                                          6.729 ± 0%    6.730 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.443 n=10)
Write/ordered-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                   6.729 ± 0%    6.730 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.465 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-64k-16                                                       9.766 ± 0%    9.766 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/ordered-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                                9.766 ± 0%    9.766 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/ordered-lz4-256k-16                                                      9.220 ± 0%    9.220 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.393 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                               9.219 ± 0%    9.219 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.762 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-1M-16                                                        9.030 ± 0%    9.030 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.670 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 9.026 ± 0%    9.035 ± 0%  +0.09% (p=0.007 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-16                                                           9.032 ± 0%    9.032 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.422 n=10)
Write/ordered-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                    9.031 ± 0%    9.032 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.565 n=10)
Write/ordered-snappy-16                                                        13.03 ± 0%    13.03 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/ordered-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 13.03 ± 0%    13.03 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/ordered-flate-16                                                         6.699 ± 0%    6.704 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.314 n=10)
Write/ordered-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                                  6.711 ± 0%    6.709 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/ordered-zstd-16                                                          6.164 ± 0%    6.164 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.474 n=10)
Write/ordered-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                   6.164 ± 0%    6.164 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-none-16                                                        102.3 ± 0%    102.3 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered-none-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 102.3 ± 0%    102.3 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered-gzip-16                                                        6.730 ± 0%    6.730 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.474 n=10)
Write/unordered-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 6.730 ± 0%    6.730 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-64k-16                                                     9.766 ± 0%    9.766 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16                              9.766 ± 0%    9.766 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered-lz4-256k-16                                                    9.218 ± 0%    9.220 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.090 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16                             9.220 ± 0%    9.219 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.425 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-1M-16                                                      9.032 ± 0%    9.026 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.077 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16                               9.029 ± 0%    9.026 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.399 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-16                                                         9.027 ± 0%    9.033 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.445 n=10)
Write/unordered-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16                                  9.029 ± 0%    9.030 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.725 n=10)
Write/unordered-snappy-16                                                      13.03 ± 0%    13.03 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16                               13.03 ± 0%    13.03 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered-flate-16                                                       6.703 ± 0%    6.708 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.417 n=10)
Write/unordered-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16                                6.711 ± 0%    6.705 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.302 n=10)
Write/unordered-zstd-16                                                        6.164 ± 0%    6.164 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16                                 6.164 ± 0%    6.164 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-none-16                               102.9 ± 0%    102.9 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-none-withStructuredMetadata-16        102.9 ± 0%    102.9 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-gzip-16                               6.811 ± 0%    6.811 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-gzip-withStructuredMetadata-16        6.811 ± 0%    6.811 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-64k-16                            9.956 ± 0%    9.957 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.672 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-64k-withStructuredMetadata-16     9.959 ± 0%    9.951 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.059 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-256k-16                           9.446 ± 0%    9.446 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-256k-withStructuredMetadata-16    9.446 ± 0%    9.446 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-1M-16                             9.293 ± 0%    9.291 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.901 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-1M-withStructuredMetadata-16      9.294 ± 0%    9.294 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.948 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-16                                9.291 ± 0%    9.293 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-lz4-withStructuredMetadata-16         9.294 ± 0%    9.291 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.440 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-snappy-16                             13.32 ± 0%    13.32 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-snappy-withStructuredMetadata-16      13.32 ± 0%    13.32 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-flate-16                              6.810 ± 0%    6.810 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-flate-withStructuredMetadata-16       6.810 ± 0%    6.810 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-zstd-16                               6.283 ± 0%    6.282 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.933 n=10)
Write/unordered_with_structured_metadata-zstd-withStructuredMetadata-16        6.282 ± 0%    6.280 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.901 n=10)
geomean                                                                        11.25         11.25       +0.00%
¹ all samples are equal

                                                                                                                                                               │   before.log   │            after.log             │
                                                                                                                                                               │      B/op      │     B/op      vs base            │
BackwardIterator/66_kB-16                                                                                                                                        1.200Mi ± 0%     1.201Mi ± 0%  ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
BackwardIterator/262_kB-16                                                                                                                                       368.4Ki ± 4%     370.5Ki ± 3%  ~ (p=0.481 n=10)
BackwardIterator/524_kB-16                                                                                                                                       142.6Ki ± 3%     142.6Ki ± 2%  ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                                                      0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                                             0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                                                   2.000 ± 0%       2.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                                                 0.5000 ±  ?      0.0000 ±  ?  ~ (p=0.650 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                                             0.000 ±  ?       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                                            0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                                                        0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                                              0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                      0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                       0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                                                    0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16                                0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                                                    0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ±  ?  ~ (p=0.211 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                                          0.0000 ± 0%      0.5000 ±  ?  ? (p=0.033 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                                                 2.000 ± 0%       2.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                                                0.000 ±  ?       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=0.474 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                                           0.000 ±  ?       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=0.582 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                                          0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                                                      0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                                            0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                    0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                     0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                                                  0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16                              0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                           0.000 ± 0%       1.000 ±  ?  ? (p=0.005 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                  0.000 ±  ?       1.000 ± 0%  ? (p=0.011 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                        2.000 ± 0%       2.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                       0.000 ± 0%       1.000 ±  ?  ? (p=0.003 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                  0.000 ± 0%       1.000 ±  ?  ? (p=0.011 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                 0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                             0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                   0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                           0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                            0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                         0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16     0.000 ± 0%       0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                                                                                                                                                                       ²                 ?                ²
¹ all samples are equal
² summaries must be >0 to compute geomean

                                                                                                                                                               │  before.log   │              after.log               │
                                                                                                                                                               │   allocs/op   │  allocs/op   vs base                 │
BackwardIterator/66_kB-16                                                                                                                                        2.764k ± 0%     2.765k ± 0%  +0.04% (p=0.005 n=10)
BackwardIterator/262_kB-16                                                                                                                                        617.0 ± 0%      618.5 ± 0%  +0.24% (p=0.000 n=10)
BackwardIterator/524_kB-16                                                                                                                                        255.0 ± 0%      255.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                                                     0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                                            0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                                                  0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                                                 0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                                            0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                                           0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                                                       0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                                             0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                     0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                      0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                                                   0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/ordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16                               0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                                                   0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                                          0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                                                0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                                               0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                                          0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                                         0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                                                     0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                                           0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                   0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                                                    0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                                                 0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16                             0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}-16                                                                                          0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"-16                                                                                 0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_-16                                                                       0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms-16                                                      0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/{app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"-16                                 0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/rate({app="foo"}[1m])-16                                                                                0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}[10s]))-16                                                            0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_[10s]))-16                                                  0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                          0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(caller)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt[10s]))-16                                           0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms[10s]))-16                        0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
BufferedIteratorLabels/unordered_with_structured_metadata/sum_by_(cluster)_(rate({app="foo"}_!=_"foo"_|_logfmt_|_duration_>_10ms_and_component="tsdb"[1m]))-16    0.000 ± 0%      0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                                                                                                                                                                      ²                +0.01%                ²
¹ all samples are equal
² summaries must be >0 to compute geomean

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@jeschkies